In-training Examination Content


CBPS Examination Content

The CBPS In-training Examination content is classified into content areas and case management areas that are the same for Foot and RRA. 

The Foot Surgery CBPS examination covers the diagnosis of general medical problems and surgical management of pathologic foot conditions, deformities, and/or trauma, and related structures that affect the foot and ankle.

The RRA Surgery CBPS examination covers the diagnosis of general medical problems and surgical management of pathologic foot and ankle conditions, deformities, and/or trauma, and related structures that affect the foot, ankle, and leg.

Foot Surgery CBPS Exam: Case Management Areas

 

Case Management Areas
  • Physical Examination: 15-35%
  • Diagnostic procedures/labs/imaging: 15-35%
  • Diagnosis: 10-30%
  • Treatment: 20-40%

 

Foot Surgery CBPS Exam: Content Areas

 

Content Areas

Cases may belong to one or more of the following categories:

  • Complications/Revision
  • Congenital disorders (pediatrics)
  • Congenital disorders (adult)
  • Deformities
  • Perioperative management
  • Neoplastic disorders
  • Neurovascular disorders
  • Trauma
  • Wound/Infection
  • Metabolic, rheumatologic, and inflammatory disorders

 

RRA Surgery CBPS Exam: Case Management Areas

 

Case Management Areas
  • Physical Examination: 20-40%
  • Diagnostic procedures/labs/imaging: 15-35%
  • Diagnosis: 10-30%
  • Treatment: 15-35%

 

RRA Surgery CBPS Exam: Content Areas

 

Content Areas

Cases may belong to one or more of the following categories:

  • Complications/Revision
  • Congenital disorders (pediatrics)
  • Congenital disorders (adult)
  • Deformities
  • Perioperative management
  • Neoplastic disorders
  • Neurovascular disorders
  • Trauma
  • Wound/Infection
  • Metabolic, rheumatologic, and inflammatory disorders

 

Foot and RRA Surgery Didactic Exams

Each test question is classified with a single topic and a subtopic. For example, a question could cover surgical principles (topic) regarding the treatment of a hallux abductovalgus deformity (subtopic).

 

Foot Surgery Didactic Exam: Topics

 

Diagnostic Studies/Medical Imaging

Target: 17% of Questions
Acceptable Range: 12-22%

Definition: Interpretation of specific studies of diseases, disorders, and conditions of the lower extremity. RRA subject areas may be tested on the Foot exam.

Sample Topics

  • Diagnosis or differential based on laboratory studies, imaging, or other diagnostic studies
  • Diagnosis based on a specific imaging study
Surgical Principles

Target: 20% of Questions
Acceptable Range: 15-25%

Definition: General principles standard to all surgical disciplines and applicable to podiatric surgery. RRA subject areas may be tested on the Foot exam.

Sample Topics

  • Preoperative, intraoperative, or postoperative decision-making or management
  • Not procedure-specific
Surgical Procedures/Techniques

Target: 22% of Questions
Acceptable Range: 17-27%

Definition: Intraoperative aspects of specific surgical procedures.

Sample Topics

  • Relevant (normal or abnormal) anatomy encountered and surgically altered during the performance of a surgical procedure
  • Anatomy that is encountered and surgically altered
  • Incision placement and dissection technique
  • Orientation of bone cuts
  • Selection and application of fixation devices and bioimplants
  • Placement and fixation of tissue transfers
  • Selection and application of closure materials, drains, and surgical dressings
  • Complications that are assessed and/or managed intraoperatively
Procedural Perioperative Management

Target: 15% of Questions
Acceptable Range: 10-20%

Definition: Procedure-specific and preoperative or postoperative in nature (not intraoperative). RRA subject areas may be tested on Foot exam.

Sample Topics

  • Selection of a specific procedure based on findings
  • Diagnosis that requires a surgical management decision
  • Postoperative management of a specific procedure
Complications

Target: 13% of Questions
Acceptable Range: 8-18%

Definition: Procedure- or injury-specific postoperative or post-traumatic conditions. RRA subject areas may be tested on Foot exam.

Sample Topics

  • Identification and/or management of lower extremity procedure-specific postoperative complications
  • All-inclusive subject categories dealing with diagnosis and/or treatment
General Medicine

Target: 13% of Questions
Acceptable Range: 8-18%

Definition: All general medical diagnostics and treatments exclusive of lower-extremity pathology.

Sample Topics

  • Systemic complications
  • Diagnosis that requires a medical management decision
  • Medical management: diagnosis and treatment of diseases, disorders, and conditions exclusive of the lower extremity
  • Interpretation of history and physical examination and diagnostic studies relating to non-lower extremity pathology
  • Anesthesia: local, regional, spinal, epidural, IV sedation, and general anesthesia topics, including related peri-anesthesia assessment and pharmacologic management
  • Emergency medicine: diagnosis and treatment of urgent or emergent diseases, disorders, and conditions exclusive of lower extremity

 

Foot Surgery Didactic Exam: Subtopics

 

Deformities
  • Acquired digital deformities
    • Biomechanical
    • Post-traumatic
  • Congenital digital deformities (e.g., polydactyly, syndactyly, macrodactyly, overlapping digits)
  • First ray deformities
    • Hallux abductovalgus (pediatric)
    • Hallux abductovalgus (adult)
    • Hallux limitus/ rigidus/ degenerative joint disease
    • Hallux Varus
    • Plantarflexed first ray
  • Lesser metatarsal deformities
    • Metatarsus adductus
    • Plantar plate/biomechanical pathology
    • Brachymetatarsia
    • Fifth metatarsal deformities
  • Complex/combined forefoot deformities

The following subtopics are covered in all foot surgery topics except Surgical Procedures/Techniques:

  • Acquired rearfoot/midfoot deformity
    • Biomechanical
    • Post-traumatic
    • Adult (flexible vs rigid) including vertical talus, coalition
    • Pediatric (flexible vs rigid) including vertical talus, calcaneal valgus, coalition
  • Complex/combined midfoot/rearfoot deformities
  • Pes cavus
  • Clubfoot
  • Equinus deformities
  • Rearfoot/midfoot degenerative joint disease
  • Complex/combined leg/ankle deformities
Infections (Subacute, Chronic, Acute)
  • Soft tissue
    • Localized abscess
    • Ulceration/Wound
    • Necrotizing fasciitis
    • Cellulitis
    • Gas gangrene
  • Bone/joint
    • Septic arthritis
    • Osteomyelitis
    • Osteitis
  • Systemic
    • Bacteremic
    • Septicemia
Neoplasms/Tumors/Masses (Primary Benign, Primary Malignant, Metastatic)
  • Soft tissue
    • Muscle/tendon
    • Ligament
    • Skin/ nails
  • Bone/joint
    • Pediatric
    • Adult
  • Neurovascular
  • Metastatic

The following subtopics are covered in all foot surgery topics except Surgical Procedures/Techniques:

  • Metastatic
Trauma
  • Acute nerve/vascular injury (including compartment syndrome)
  • Miscellaneous acute trauma (degloving injury, foreign body, gunshot wounds, crush injury, contusions, thermal injury, chemical injury)
  • Pediatric fractures/ growth-plate injuries
  • Foot (including Lisfranc)
    • Fractures
    • Dislocations
  • Rearfoot/ midfoot fractures/ dislocations (proximal to Lisfranc joint)
  • Ankle fractures
  • Acute soft-tissue ankle injuries
    • Capsule/ tendon/ ligament injuries
    • Ankle sprain/ instability
    • Tendon tear/ rupture/ subluxation
  • Intra-articular injuries

The following subtopics are covered in all foot surgery topics except Surgical Procedures/Techniques:

  • Rearfoot/ midfoot fractures/ dislocations (proximal to Lisfranc joint)
  • Ankle fractures
Neurovascular Disorders
  • Neuroma/neuritis
  • Nerve compression (central and peripheral)
  • Avascular Necrosis


The following subtopics are covered in all foot surgery topics except Surgical Procedures/Techniques:

  • Venous insufficiency/ (lymph)edema/ venous stasis ulcers
  • Peripheral arterial disease/ disorders
  • Hyper/ hypocoagulable states
  • Peripheral neuropathy
  • Complex regional pain syndrome
  • Neuromuscular disorders
Metabolic/Rheumatologic/Inflammatory Disorders

The following subtopics are covered in all foot surgery topics except Surgical Procedures/Techniques:

  • Gout/pseudogout
  • Rheumatoid arthritis
  • Seronegative arthritis
  • Overuse syndrome (i.e.: plantar fasciitis, shin splint)
  • Tendonitis/tendinosis
Complications and Revisions
  • Delayed/ malunion/ nonunion
  • Postoperative wounds/ infections
  • Neurovascular injuries
  • Iatrogenic
Medical/Surgical Concepts, Techniques
  • Joint implants
  • Fixation principles/devices
  • Bone grafts/bone substitutes/bone healing
  • Suture materials/anchors
  • Miscellaneous
  • Soft tissue/skin grafts/wound healing
  • Anatomy
  • Medicine (illness therapeutics)
  • Anesthesia

 

RRA Surgery Didactic Exam: Topics

 

Diagnostic Studies/Medical Imaging

Target: 15% of Questions
Acceptable Range: 10-20%

Definition: Interpretation of specific studies of diseases, disorders, and conditions of the lower extremity. RRA subject areas may be tested on the Foot exam.

Sample Topics

  • Diagnosis or differential based on laboratory studies, imaging, or other diagnostic studies
  • Diagnosis based on a specific imaging study
Surgical Principles

Target: 20% of Questions
Acceptable Range: 15-25%

Definition: General principles standard to all surgical disciplines and applicable to podiatric surgery. RRA subject areas may be tested on the Foot exam.

Sample Topics

  • Preoperative, intraoperative, or postoperative decision-making or management
  • Not procedure-specific
Surgical Procedures/Techniques

Target: 25% of Questions
Acceptable Range: 20-30%

Definition: Intraoperative aspects of specific surgical procedures.

Sample Topics

  • Relevant (normal or abnormal) anatomy encountered and surgically altered during the performance of a surgical procedure
  • Anatomy that is encountered and surgically altered
  • Incision placement and dissection technique
  • Orientation of bone cuts
  • Selection and application of fixation devices and bioimplants
  • Placement and fixation of tissue transfers
  • Selection and application of closure materials, drains, and surgical dressings
  • Complications that are assessed and/or managed intraoperatively
Procedural Perioperative Management

Target: 20% of Questions
Acceptable Range: 15-25%

Definition: Procedure-specific and preoperative or postoperative in nature (not intraoperative). RRA subject areas may be tested on Foot exam.

Sample Topics

  • Selection of a specific procedure based on findings
  • Diagnosis that requires a surgical management decision
  • Postoperative management of a specific procedure
Complications

Target: 20% of Questions
Acceptable Range: 15-25%

Definition: Procedure- or injury-specific postoperative or post-traumatic conditions. RRA subject areas may be tested on Foot exam.

Sample Topics

  • Identification and/or management of lower extremity procedure-specific postoperative complications
  • All-inclusive subject categories dealing with diagnosis and/or treatment

 

RRA Surgery Didactic Exam: Subtopics

 

Deformities
  • Acquired rearfoot/ midfoot deformity
    • Biomechanical
    • Post-traumatic
    • Adult (flexible vs rigid) including vertical talus, coalition
    • Pediatric (flexible vs rigid) including vertical talus, calcaneal valgus, coalition
  • Pes cavus
  • Clubfoot
  • Equinus deformities
  • Rearfoot/ midfoot degenerative joint disease
  • Complex leg/ ankle deformities
Infections (Subacute, Chronic, Acute)
  • Soft tissue
    • Ulceration/Wound
    • Necrotizing fasciitis
    • Gas gangrene
  • Bone/joint
    • Septic arthritis
    • Osteomyelitis
  • Systemic
    • Bacteremic
    • Septicemia
Neoplasms/Tumors/Masses (Primary Benign, Primary Malignant, Metastatic)
  • Soft tissue
    • Muscle/tendon
    • Ligament
  • Bone/joint
    • Pediatric
    • Adult
  • Neurovascular
Trauma
  • Acute nerve/vascular injury (including compartment syndrome)
  • Miscellaneous acute trauma (degloving injury, foreign body, gunshot wounds, crush injury, contusions, thermal injury, chemical injury)
  • Pediatric fractures/ growth-plate injuries
  • Rearfoot/ midfoot fractures/ dislocations (proximal to Lisfranc joint)
  • Acute soft-tissue ankle injuries
    • Capsule/ tendon/ ligament injuries
    • Ankle sprain/ instability
    • Tendon tear/ rupture/ subluxation
  • Intra-articular injuries
Neurovascular Disorders
  • Avascular Necrosis
Complications and Revisions
  • Delayed/ malunion/ nonunion
  • Postoperative wounds/ infections
  • Neurovascular injuries
  • Iatrogenic
Medical/Surgical Concepts, Techniques
  • Joint implants
  • Fixation principles/devices
  • Bone grafts/bone substitutes/bone healing
  • Suture materials/anchors
  • Miscellaneous
  • Soft tissue/skin grafts/wound healing
  • Anatomy
  • Medicine (illness therapeutics)
  • Anesthesia